Cataracts

Anatomy of the eye (Image Source)

Cataracts are a condition affecting the eye that many people may be familiar with due to its prevalence in humans. The eye itself is a fairly complex structure however cataracts only affect one part, the lens. The lens is used to focus the eye on a specific image. Cataracts are a distinct opacity on the lens that affects vision. It can encompass a small part of the lens or the entire lens. If the entire lens is affected the patient will be blind in that eye. There is another condition that can affect the lens called nuclear sclerosis. This is just a clouding that occurs on the lens as pets age. They are still able to focus and see through this area where as cataracts they cannot.

In this pet only the left eye is affected with the cataract. (Image Source)

There are several ways pets can develop cataracts. One is that they could be born with the condition. Many times this will only be a small portion of the lens so they can still retain some vision in that eye. There is also a genetic link to cataracts so if purchasing a puppy it is a good idea to make sure the parents have had their eyes checked by a veterinarian. Another cause is diabetes. Almost every dog with diabetes will develop cataracts at some point in their life.

Surgical correction is an option for some pets but will require a full work up to ensure they are a good candidate (Image Source)

Cataracts by themselves do not cause any serious issues (aside from loss of vision). However as they progress or if any movement of the cataract occurs, it can lead to pain and inflammation. In some cases the cataract can block fluid from leaving the eye which can cause a secondary glaucoma ( a spike in the pressure in the eye) which is extremely uncomfortable. If your pet has cataracts regularly checkups with your veterinarian will be a good idea as well as monitoring at home to make sure your pet remains comfortable will be important.

In this dog, both eyes are affected. (Image Source)

There is a treatment for cataracts which involves surgically removing the defect. However this can be very invasive and not all patients are good candidates. Many times this will require referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist to determine if surgery is a good idea for your pet. Most owners elect management. This means actively monitoring for any secondary side effects (increased pressure, redness or inflammation) and treatment them before they get out of hand. Although it does affect their vision, many pets will adapt to the decreased eyesight especially if it is a slower onset. IF rapid blindness occurs, behavioral modification may be necessary to make sure your pet feels comfortable and safe now that they have lost one of the senses.  For more information on cataracts please visit the following website here.