Corneal Ulcers

An ulcer means the normal layers of cells lining the eye have been disrupted (Image Source)

Corneal ulcers are one of the more common eye injuries we see. Typically something (a scratch, or rubbing) has caused an abrasion on the surface of the eye. There are varying degrees of severity but all levels can be extremely painful to our pets. Often we will not know the cause. Certain breeds such a shih Tzus, boston terriers, pugs, and bull dogs tend to be more prone to scratching their eyes. This is because their eyes tend to protrude out more than other eyes do.  Another possible cause of an ulcer includes very dry eyes. Some dogs do not produce enough tears to keep the eye lubricated. This can lead to extremely dry eyes which can make them more prone to injuries.

 

The green area shows where the ulcer is located. This is a positive test with stain. (Image Source)

Anytime your pet has swollen or red eye, colored discharge (such as green or yellow), or they are squinting and pawing at their eye, it is a good idea to take them to your veterinarian.  There are many causes for a red eye and your pet’s doctor may recommend several tests depending on the presentation. One of these test could be a corneal stain. This is a special stain that will not stick to the normal surface of the eye, but if a scratch is present it will stick to the cells underneath that are not normally exposed. If the stain is positive this means an ulcer is present. It is possible to have an ulcer and the stain be negative. This occurs when the ulcer is VERY deep and may even require referral to a specialist.

 

E-collars are an important part of treatment. They help protect the eye as it is healing. (Image Source)

Treatment for ulcers include antibiotics to help prevent infection and also keep the eye lubricated. The eye needs moisture to heal. Many times there will also be pain medication administered. Depending on the patient it could be in the form of eye drops or oral medication or both! Most of the time an Elizabethan collar is recommend. This is to help prevent further trauma to the eye as it is healing. The cells that are being produced to fix the ulcer are very fragile and can be easily harmed even with gentle rubbing.

Eye medication is very important in helping the eye heal. (Image Source)

 Corneal ulcers can be very painful and need aggressive treatment. If left without medication it is possible for the ulcers to continue to worsen. This will not only lead to discomfort in our pets but in a worst case scenario could result in the eye rupturing and needing to be removed. This doesn't happen in the majority of cases but is something that owners need to be prepared for if treatment is unsuccessful of not followed. For more information on corneal ulcers please visit the following website here.