Tuesday, October 7, 2014

Tularemia

Tularemia is a bacteria that can be very serious in both animals and humans. It is found throughout the United States. This particular condition is important because it can be fatal to both animals and people.
The most common reservoir for the bacteria that causes Tularemia is rodents. People and other animals can contract it from eating affected animals. For this reason outdoor cats that like to hunt rabbits seem to be among the most highly affected. It is also possible to obtain the bacteria from ticks. Using insect repellants whenever outdoors can help minimize exposure. Tularemia can be contracted from drinking contaminated water sources but is not as common. Another possibility is when coming in contact with bodily fluids or the meat of an animal that has Tularemia. An important exposure to point out for people is when mowing the lawn and possibly running over a carcass. People are then easily exposed to the bacteria that would be spread readily from the mower.
Symptoms are very generalized by can come on quickly. They typically begin anywhere from 2-7 days after exposure. Without immediate treatment is possible for this condition to become fatal in both humans and our pets. Typically those affected will become lethargic (lack of energy), they could have enlarged lymph nodes or oral ulceration. Sometimes blood work abnormalities would indicate a low red blood cell and white blood cell count. This can make diagnosis sometimes difficult as many bacterial infections show an increase in white blood cells. Definitive diagnosis can be done through a lab culturing samples but caution needs to be taken when handling any person or animal that is suspected to have Tularemia.
Treatment consists of aggressive antibiotic therapy. Some individuals may also need supportive care which includes fluids and even hospitalization to monitor their progress. With aggressive and timely treatment it is possible to overcome this bacteria. Diagnosis can sometimes be very challenging and the major reason why treatment is delayed.


For more information about tularemia you can visit the CDC website here

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