Focus on Joints: Legg Perthes Disease

Legg Calve Perthes Disease (or Legg Perthes) is a condition affecting the hip joint, specifically the head of the femur bone. It is most commonly seen in small breed dogs. Manchester terriers seem to have a higher genetic predisposition, but there is a hereditary link between many toy breed dogs. In this condition the head and neck of the femur begin to break down, leading to discomfort in the hip joint. The exact cause is unknown, many suspect that the blood supply to the bone becomes compromised leading to degeneration. It is possible if trauma has occurred to the joint that Legg Perthes can occur in that patient as well.

 

Small breeds like the Manchester terrier pictured here seem to be more commonly affected. (Image Source)

Most pets will start to show signs while still growing. Symptoms will include limping, which is typically gradual and can progress to not using the affected limb at all. When the patient is touched over the hip area it will be quite painful and may even feel an intermittent catch in the rotation of the hip. If the symptoms have been occurring for a while, there may be decreased muscle mass on the affected leg.

 

Imaging is needed to make a diagnosis (Image Source)

X-rays will need to be taken to assess the joint and try to rule out other possibilities for limping. These would include luxating patellas, torn cruciate ligament, or even hip dysplasia. Images of Legg Perthes will usually demonstrate lighter areas in the head of the femur as well as thickening of the neck. In advanced stages, there could even be a deformity or fracture of the femoral neck.

Most pets recover great from surgery! (Image Source)

 Treatment includes resting and pain medications. Many times they will require surgery and actually remove the femoral head and neck. This procedure is called femoral head and neck ostectomy. After surgery it will be important to rest and pursue physical therapy to help develop the muscle mass back up to normal amounts. Most dogs respond beautifully to surgical correction. While medical management is possible patients tend to not have as good long term prognosis.

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