Focus on Joints: Cruciate Ligament Injury

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Probably one of the most common joint related injuries we see in general practice is a tear (or partial tear) or the cruciate ligament. This ligament helps to stabilize the knee joint by keeping the femur and tibia in line. It is very similar to the ligament many pro-athletes injure commonly called the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament in people). There are two parts to the cruciate ligament. In pets these are call the cranial and caudal cruciate ligament. Typically we see injuries associated with the cranial portion. When this ligament is torn or injured the knee loses its stability and can become very painful.

Limping on rear leg could indicate injury to the cruciate ligament (Image Source)

Typically pet owners will notice a sudden lameness in a rear leg. If left alone many times it will slightly improve but still cause discomfort during exercise or after extended periods of laying down. Pets may not put any weight on the affected leg or they may only toe touch or put partial weight on it. Large breeds tend to be over represented with this injury but smaller dogs can be affected as well. Obese dogs are MUCH more likely to damage the ligament then those of an ideal body condition.

Extensive shaving is required prior to surgery on the knee (Image Source)

There are several indications that the ligament may be damaged. On physical exam there may be swelling around the knee or a ‘click’ feeling when it is placed through the range of motion. Because this ligament is used to stabilize the femur and tibia, if it is damaged there may be laxity or extra movement in the joint. X-rays may also help indicate there is an issue. While x-rays cannot show the ligament they may reveal evidence of an injury. This could mean fluid on the joint, the tibia sits more cranial than normal, or that the fat pad that is normally centrally located has moved.

No matter which procedure cage rest will be necessary to help healing (Image Source)

There are several treatment options available and it is important to work with your veterinarian to determine which will be the best for your pet. Depending on the size of the dog and nature of the injury there are several surgical corrections that can help stabilize the joint. Many veterinarians may even refer to an orthopedic surgeon if they do not feel equipped to correct this injury. While some dogs will respond to STRICT cage rest and leash walks only for 6-8 weeks. Surgical correction is still the ideal way to correct this injury. Without surgery pets are much more likely to develop arthritis sooner and could even deal with chronic pain for the rest of their lives. While surgery is invasive and can be expensive many times it is the best option.

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