Fungal Fun Facts: Cryptococcus

Cryptococcus is another fungal organism that can cause problems in our household pets. It is not one of the most common fungal organisms but can be found just about anywhere so it is worth mentioning. Typically Cryptococcus is found in the soil or areas with bird droppings. While any animals (or human) can be affected typically cats are more widely affected.

 

Commonly found in soil or around bird droppings (image source)

Typically the fungal organism is inhaled and therefore will set up in the nasal cavity. It is possible for pets to ingest Cryptococcus and show symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract. Signs of this particular fungus can range from mild to severe. On the mild end of the spectrum, you may note lethargy and lack of appetite. In severe cases there can be swelling around the bridge of the nose or even neurological signs such as seizures.

 

Severe nasal involvement (image source)

A diagnosis is typically made from obtaining samples from the affected areas. This could include a swab and culture of the nasal cavity or even a biopsy of area. Once the fungal organisms are identified treatment can be initiated. Most cases will respond to long term anti-fungal medications. Some treatments can last up to a year. In the more severe animals they may have to be hospitalized for a short time to stabilize them.

 

Roman nose in a cat, fungal organisms (yellow arrows) identified on cytology (image source)

Cryptococcus is not a huge threat to our pet population but it is something to be aware of as it can be found in most locations. Animals that are diagnosed with this fungus are typically not able to spread it to people or other pets. If, however, those animals are in the same environment, it is likely they were exposed and should be monitored closely. For more information on this fungus you can visit this website.